Babylonian astronomers split the ecliptic into 12 equal “signs” at the end of the 5th century BC, analogous to 12 schematic months of 30 days each. The first known celestial coordinate system was created when each sign contained 30 degrees of celestial longitude. According to contemporary astronomical estimates, the zodiac was first used between 409 and 398 BC, during Persian dominance, and most likely within a few years of 401 BC. Unlike modern astrologers, who place the beginning of the sign of Aries at the position of the Sun at the Northern Hemisphere’s vernal equinox (March equinox), Babylonian astronomers fixed the zodiac in relation to stars, placing the beginning of Cancer at the “Rear Twin Star” (Geminorum) and the beginning of Aquarius at the “Rear Star of the Goat-Fish” ( Capricorni).
Since Babylonian times, the time of year when the Sun is in a certain constellation has altered due to equinox precession; the point of March equinox has moved from Aries to Pisces.
They formed a perfect system of reference for making predictions about a planet’s longitude since they were divided into 30 equal arcs. However, Babylonian observational measurement techniques were still in the early stages of development. They measured the position of a planet in relation to a group of “normal stars” near the ecliptic (9 degrees latitude) as observational reference points to aid in planet placing inside the ecliptic coordinate system.
A planet’s location in Babylonian astrological journals was usually stated in terms of a zodiac sign alone, rather than particular degrees within a sign. When degrees of longitude were given, they were stated in terms of the 30th degree of the zodiac sign, rather than the continuous 360 ecliptic. The positions of prominent astronomical phenomena were estimated in sexagesimal fractions of a degree in astronomical ephemerides (equivalent to minutes and seconds of arc). The daily locations of a planet were less important in daily ephemerides than the astrologically significant times when the planet moved from one zodiac sign to the next.
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Who created the signs of the zodiac?
The 12 zodiac signs, one of the earliest notions of astrology, were devised by the Babylonians around 1894 BC. The Babylonians lived at Babylon, which is roughly where modern-day Iraq is located. Babylon was one of the most prominent ancient Mesopotamian towns.
What was the very first zodiac?
Egypt was invaded by the Persians in 525 BC, hence Egyptian astrology was likely influenced by Mesopotamian astrology. In support of this, historian Tamsyn Barton cites the Dendera Zodiac, which shows what appears to be Mesopotamian influence on the Egyptian zodiac, which shared two signs: the Balance and the Scorpion (the Balance was known as the Scorpion’s Claws in the Greek version).
Egypt came under Hellenistic power and influence after Alexander the Great conquered it in 332 BC.
After the conquest, Alexander created Alexandria, and the Ptolemaic intellectuals of Alexandria were prolific writers in the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC. Horoscopic astrology was created in Ptolemaic Alexandria when Babylonian astrology was combined with the Egyptian tradition of Decanic astrology. The Babylonian zodiac was included, together with its system of planetary exaltations, sign triplicities, and eclipse significance. It also included the Egyptian concept of dividing the zodiac into 36 decans of ten degrees each, with a focus on the rising decan, as well as the Greek system of planetary Gods, sign rulership, and the four elements.
The decans were a system for calculating time based on the constellations. The constellation Sothis, or Sirius, led them. In the night, the risings of the decans were utilized to split the night into ‘hours.’ The last hour of the night was defined as the rising of a constellation right before daybreak (its heliacal rising). Each constellation rose for ten days immediately before sunrise over the course of the year. Each decan was associated with 10 degrees of the zodiac when they became part of Hellenistic astrology. Predictions relating to the locations of planets in zodiac signs at the time of the rise of certain decans, particularly Sothis, can be found in texts dating back to the 2nd century BC. The Dendera Zodiac, Egypt’s oldest Zodiac, dates from the 1st century BC.
Ptolemy, a Greco-Roman astrologer and astronomer who resided in Alexandria during Roman Egypt, was particularly influential in the creation of horoscopic astrology. Ptolemy’s Tetrabiblos set the foundation for Western astrology, and it is claimed to have “enjoyed virtually the authority of a Bible among the astrological writers of a thousand years or more” as a source of later reference. After Plato of Tivoli (Tiburtinus) in Spain translated it from Arabic into Latin in 1138, it became one of the first astrological manuscripts to circulate in Medieval Europe.
According to Firmicus Maternus (4th century), an Egyptian king named Nechepso and his priest Petosiris were given the system of horoscopic astrology early on. The Hermetic texts were also compiled at this time, and in his description of Egyptian holy ceremonies, Clement of Alexandria, writing in the Roman era, demonstrates the extent to which astrologers were expected to comprehend the texts:
This is mostly demonstrated through their sacred rituals. For the first time, the Singer appears, carrying one of the musical symbols. Because it is said that he must learn two of Hermes’ books, one of which includes the gods’ hymns and the other the king’s life laws. After the Singer, the Astrologer enters, holding a horologe and a palm, both of which are astrological symbols. He must always keep the four Hermes astrology books in his lips.
What was the origin of Zodiacs?
The zodiac signs are a division of the ecliptic that dates back to Babylonian astronomy in the first millennium BC. Stars from earlier Babylonian star catalogues, such as the MUL.APIN catalogue, which was produced approximately 1000 BC, are used in the zodiac. Some constellations, such as Gemini “The Twins,” from MA.TAB.BA.GAL.GAL “The Great Twins,” and Cancer “The Crab,” from AL.LUL “The Crayfish,” can be traced even further back, to Bronze Age (First Babylonian dynasty) sources.
Is there any truth to the zodiac signs?
Is astrology accurate? Reading horoscopes is a popular pastime, but is there any scientific evidence that they are accurate?
When you’re enticed by a familiar interruption and your willpower weakens, problems can occur.
Every day, up to 70 million Americans consult their horoscopes. At least, that’s what the American Federation of Astrologers claims. According to a Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life poll conducted twenty years ago, 25% of Americans believe that the positions of the stars and planets have an impact on our daily life. In 2012, the General Social Survey indicated that 34% of Americans think astrology is “extremely” or “kind of scientific,” with the percentage of individuals who think astrology is “not at all scientific” dropping from two-thirds to about half.
Astrology is the concept that astronomical phenomena, such as the stars over your head when you were born or the fact that Mercury is retrograde, have the potential to influence our daily lives and personality traits. Of course, this is distinct from astronomy, which is the scientific study of celestial objects, space, and the physics of the cosmos.
A particular facet of astrology, the foretelling of a person’s future or the provision of daily counsel via horoscopes, is gaining in popularity. The Cut, for example, recorded a 150 percent rise in horoscope page views in 2017 compared to 2016.
Clearly, a lot of people are trying to figure out how to read the stars for guidance. Understanding the positions of the stars is the foundation of astrology, which appears to be a scientific discipline in and of itself. Is there any scientific evidence that astrology has an impact on our personalities and lives?
But, since I still have five minutes of this six-minute podcast to fill, let’s take a look at how astrology has been put to the test.
Who developed the 12 signs of the zodiac?
The 12 zodiac signs, with which many people are likely familiar today, were created during this Ancient Greek period.
The signs of Aries (approximately March 21-April 19), Taurus (April 20-May 20), Gemini (May 21-June 20), Cancer (June 21-July 22), Leo (July 23-Aug. 22), Virgo (Aug. 23-Sept. 22), Libra (Sept. 23-Oct. 22), Scorpio (Oct. 23-Nov. 21), Sagittarius (Nov. 22-Dec. 21 These Western, or tropical, zodiac signs were named after constellations and paired with dates based on their apparent relationship to the sun’s position in the sky.
By 1500 BC, the Babylonians had divided the zodiac into 12 equal signs, with constellation names that were similar to those we know today, such as The Great Twins, The Lion, and The Scales, and these were later adopted into Greek divination. These 12 signs were popularized by the astronomer Ptolemy, author of the Tetrabiblos, which became a key work in the history of Western astrology.
“Ptolemy codified the idea that there were 12 signs of the zodiac that were 30 broad, and that the sun travelled through these signs on a regular basis throughout the year,” adds Odenwald. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the word “zodiac” derives from the Greek, from a term for “sculpted animal figure,” and the sequence in which the signs are normally enumerated also stems from that time period.
Why is Aries the first sign in the zodiac?
On the first day of spring, also known as the vernal equinox, the Sun used to be “in” the constellation Aries. We should explain that while the Earth revolves around the Sun, the latter appears to travel through the “zodiac,” which consists of thirteen constellations. When Hipparchus of Nicea (190-120 BCE) discovered that the Sun was within the constellation Aries during the spring equinox, he coined the title “First Point of Aries” (or “Cusp of Aries.”) However, due to precessional wobble, the Sun’s apparent vernal equinox location has changed along the ecliptic by around 1 degree every 73 years. Every 26,000 years, the wobbling, which is mostly caused by interactions with the Sun and Moon, forces our planet’s pole to describe a 47-degree round through the sky. As a result, during this 26,000-year cycle, all thirteen zodiac constellations will “host” the vernal equinox point. The vernal equinox crossed the Aries-Pisces line in 68 BCE, according to astronomer Jean Meeus. This transition happened, ironically, less than a century after Hipparchus’ death. Since then, the vernal equinox has been traveling westward across Pisces. The vernal equinox will shift into Aquarius, the Water Bearer, in AD 2597. Or, to be more precise, it will enter the rectilinear region known as the Aquarius “region” by the International Astronomical Union. Astronomers may continue to refer to the vernal equinox as the “First Point of Aries” even after that.
The vernal equinox point moves around the ecliptic once every 26,000 years due to Earth’s precessional wobble. The term “First Point of Aries” comes from the fact that this point was previously in Aries the Ram. The vernal equinox point is now in Pisces and will change towards Aquarius in the late 26th century. It’s worth noting that the symbol for the vernal equinox is the astrological sign of Aries.
What does the Bible have to say about the zodiac signs?
I believe that God created astrology as a tool for us to better understand ourselves and to use as a spiritual tool. Numerous bible texts, in my opinion, support astrology. As a Christian, I try to remember what Jesus said. “There shall be signs in the sun, moon, and stars,” Christ predicted in Luke 21:25, referring to the importance of astrology. He explains the value of astrology with his pupils, as well as how it might be used as a sign of his return. Why would Jesus provide us this critical knowledge if we are not intended to understand the energies of the planets and signs, and if he was actually against it? Just as the three wise men knew Jesus would be born under the star in the sky that led them to him lying in the manger, Jesus warned us that when he returns, there will be signals in the sky.
What was the motivation for the creation of astrology?
The original objective of astrology, on the other hand, was to predict the course of a person’s life based on the positions of the planets and zodiacal signs (the 12 astrological constellations) at the time of conception or birth.
Do the signs of the zodiac change every year?
Is that to say that your zodiac sign changes each year? No, it’s more like once every 30 years or so. (Thank G, you’ve got some time to think about it.) “Each sign has 30 degrees, and the advanced sun moves less than a degree per year, so this shift is really slow,” Montfar explains.