While there are 12 astrological constellations of the zodiac, there are 13 astronomical zodiac constellations: Capricornus, Aquarius, Pisces, Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpius, Sagittarius, and Ophiuchus. Ancient cultures used the zodiac’s annual cycle to determine the time of year.
In This Article...
What is the relationship between astrology and constellations?
The 12 signs of the zodiac, as mentioned in a horoscope, are inextricably linked to the Earth’s motion through the sky. The constellations that point out the path that the sun appears to take during the year provide us with these indicators. Dates in a horoscope may appear to match to when the sun travels through each constellation. They don’t always agree, though, because astrology and astronomy are two separate systems. Plus, a closer look at the Earth, the sun, and the stars reveals that the zodiac is more complicated than you might think!
The sun’s motion through the constellations
The sun appears to pass in front of numerous constellations as Earth revolves the sun. The sun’s position in relation to distant background stars drifts in an easterly direction from day to day, much how the moon appears in a little different spot in the sky each night. It’s not as if the sun isn’t moving. Its movement is totally fictitious, owing to Earth’s own rotation around our star.
The sun appears to be in front of, or “in,” different constellations throughout the year. The sun appears in Gemini one month and Cancer the next. The dates in the newspaper’s horoscope indicate when the sun is in a specific astrological sign. For example, the sign Aries is represented by the period between March 21 and April 19. However, your astrological sign does not always indicate which constellation the sun was in when you were born.
Why the zodiac constellations don’t always align with astrological signs
We need to know a little bit more about how the Earth moves to explain why constellations no longer coincide with their respective signs. We must also discuss how we measure time.
Time is a fiendishly difficult concept to grasp, especially if we insist on using the sun and stars as our point of reference. For better or worse, our calendar is based on the seasons. The day the sun appears at its most northerly point in the sky is June 21, the approximate date of the summer solstice north of the equator and the winter solstice south of the equator. The North Pole is most inclined towards the sun at the June solstice.
The fact that the North Pole does not always point in the same direction as the background stars complicates things. Our world whirls around like a top. The Earth, like a top, wobbles! The North Pole traces a circle on the celestial sphere due to the Earth’s wobble. The wobbling is slow; it takes 26,000 years to complete one rotation. However, as time passes, the effect becomes more pronounced.
The direction of the Earth’s axis drifts somewhat throughout the course of one orbit around the sun. This means that the location of the solstice along our orbit changes by a very modest amount. The solstice occurs around 20 minutes before one full trip in front of the background stars!
Our drifting calendars
Because we base our calendar on the solstices and equinoxes (and astrologers on the signs), the Earth does not complete an orbit in a single year. The tropical or seasonal year is really a fraction of a second shorter than one full orbit (sidereal year). This means that the sun’s position in relation to the stars on any particular day varies throughout the year. For example, on June 21, a very small amount of snow falls.
However, after 2,000 years, the sun will be in a completely other constellation!
The sun was nearly halfway between Gemini and Cancer on the June solstice 2,000 years ago. The sun was between Gemini and Taurus on the June solstice fourteen years ago. In the year 4609, the June solstice point will move from Taurus to Aries, leaving Taurus behind.
When humanity formed the present Western zodiac some 2,000 years ago, the signs were roughly aligned with their respective constellations. However, the steady wobble of the Earth’s axis has led the solstice and equinox locations to shift around 30 degrees westward relative to the constellations in the intervening ages. Signs and constellations are currently around one calendar month off. They’ll be approximately two months away in another two thousand years or so.
Modern constellations and the zodiac
To make matters even more complicated, unlike astrological signs, constellations are not all the same size and shape. For the most part, the stars that make up a constellation are not physically related. They’re simply based on patterns that our forefathers noticed when they looked up at the sky, trying to make sense of it all.
The International Astronomical Union (IAU) established the constellations as sky regions, not only star patterns, in 1930. They established the boundaries we use today as a result of this. These current constellations are based on those introduced in the second century CE by Greek astronomer Ptolemy. He, in turn, took them from Babylonian scriptures dating back thousands of years. Throughout history, several societies have seen patterns in the sky that are unique to them. Some constellations are shared by many cultures (Orion is a good example), but not all.
There are actually 13 constellations that lay along the path of the sun, based on the present borders. Ophiuchus, the Serpent Bearer, sits between Sagittarius and Scorpius and is not mentioned in any horoscope. The signs stay stable in relation to the solstices and equinoxes, while the solstices and equinoxes shift westward in relation to the constellations or backdrop stars.
While the zodiac isn’t a fantastic predictor of love, fortune, or health, it is an excellent tool for better understanding the sun’s, Earth’s, and even the cultures that have come and gone on our small planet. The zodiac signs, which are drawn from constellations that line the path of the sun in the sky, trace Earth’s orbit and wobble and serve as a reminder of astronomy’s humble beginnings.
Bottom line: While you may identify the term zodiac with astrology, it also has a prestigious role in astronomy. The 12 constellations that make up the zodiac are located along the sun’s annual motion across the sky.
Is astrology based on constellations?
First and foremost, you have our permission to refer to yourself as a Lupus or a Lyra. People form attachments to a variety of constellations, not just those in the “zodiac.” Out of the 88 zodiac constellations officially classified by the International Astronomical Union, we acknowledge 13 of them. The Zodiac constellations are the ones that the Sun appears to travel through throughout the year. Of However, because the Earth revolves around the Sun and hence the Sun’s position relative to the background stars changes constantly, this motion is illusory.
The Sun appears to be travelling through Virgo the Maiden right now. The Sun will enter Libra, the Scales, at the end of October. The Sun then travels through Scorpius the Scorpion, Ophiuchus the Serpent Charmer, Sagittarius the Archer, Capricornus the Seagoat, Aquarius the Water Bearer, Pisces the Fish, Aries the Ram, Taurus the Bull, Gemini the Twins, Leo the Lion, and finally back to Virgo the Maiden, where the cycle begins again.
The Sun happened to pass through these thirteen constellations because they were oriented in such a way. We could change Earth’s orbit so that the Sun seems to pass through different constellations if we wanted to (and had supernatural powers). Lupus and Lyra, on the other hand, cannot be zodiac constellations because the Sun does not “travel through” them.
If the Sun was in that constellation when you were born, you were termed a “Virgo” or “Leo.” The astrological calendar, on the other hand, does not account for precession. The constellations aligned along the Sun’s path, called the ecliptic, shift stations slowly over time, by about one degree every 73 years, as the Earth’s poles precess over a 26,000-year period. The dates associated with the zodiac by astrologers were valid roughly 2,000 years ago. On the first day of Spring, for example, the Sun was in Aries. It is now in the sign of Pisces. As a result, astronomers continue to refer to the “First Point of Aries” on the first day of Spring (Vernal Equinox).
How well do the constellations correspond to the zodiac signs?
However, while star signs have names that are similar to zodiac constellations, they do not always correspond to when the Sun shines in the constellation.
To begin with, the crisp star sign slabs do not accurately reflect the size, limits, or placements of real constellations.
Some constellations, like Pisces, are far larger than others, like Cancer. As a result, the Sun spends varying lengths of time passing over each constellation.
Each star sign can also contain multiple constellations, including multiple zodiac constellations or minor sections of constellations that are not part of the astrological zodiac, such as Ophiuchus and Cetus.
Dr. Musgrave explained that “a star sign has a significant chunk of one astronomical constellation with a zodiacal designation and tiny bits of other astronomical constellations.”
Where are the constellations of the zodiac?
The Sun also travels through Ophiuchus, a constellation that hasn’t always been considered a part of the zodiac. It is a member of the Hercules family.
The northern zodiac constellations of Pisces, Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, and Leo are in the eastern hemisphere, whereas the southern zodiac constellations of Libra, Scorpius, Sagittarius, Capricornus, and Aquarius are in the western hemisphere.
The word zodiac derives from the Greek (zidiakos), which means “ruler of the zodiac.” “Animals in a circle The Latin name zdiacus comes from the Greek word(zdion), which is the diminutive of(zon), or animal. Aries (the Ram), Taurus (the Bull), Cancer (the Crab), Leo (the Lion), Scorpius (the Scorpion), Capricornus (the Goat), and Pisces (the Fish) are seven constellations found along the ecliptic that depict animals, as they did in Greek and Roman eras (the Fish).
The 12 signs of the western zodiac correspond to the 12 constellations viewed along the ecliptic, and the term zodiac is now largely connected with astrology. The four cardinal signs (Aries, Cancer, Libra, and Capricorn) are thought to signal the start of each season, with the Sun entering these signs on the first days of spring, summer, autumn, and winter, respectively. This may have been true in antiquity, but the vernal and autumnal equinoxes (known as the First Point of Aries and First Point of Libra) have since migrated to Pisces and Virgo due to the Earth’s axial precession. The equinoxes are the locations where the celestial equator intersects the ecliptic, and the Sun appears directly above the equator twice a year (on March 19-21 and September 21-24).
Virgo is the largest of the 12 zodiac constellations, covering 1294.43 square degrees of the night sky in the southern hemisphere. Virgo is also the second largest of the 88 constellations, coming in just behind Hydra.
Aquarius is the second largest zodiac constellation and the tenth largest constellation in the sky, with an extent of 979.85 square degrees. Aquarius represents Ganymede, the cup bearer to the Olympian gods in Greek mythology, and is also positioned in the southern celestial hemisphere.
The third largest zodiac constellation, Leo, covers 946.96 square degrees in the northern sky. It portrays the fabled Nemean lion, which Heracles defeated as part of his 12 labors.
With 889.417 square degrees, Pisces is fourth, followed by Sagittarius (867.43 square degrees), and Taurus (867.43 square degrees) (797.25 square degrees). Libra (538.05), Gemini (513.76), Cancer (505.87), and Scorpius (496.78) cover similar-sized and smaller-scale areas. Aries covers 441.39 square degrees of the southern sky, while Capricornus, the smallest of the 12 zodiac constellations, covers 413.95 square degrees.
Several of the 12 constellations have some of the brightest stars in the sky in terms of brightness. Aldebaran, the brightest star in Taurus, is the 14th brightest star in the sky, followed by Spica, the brightest star in Virgo and the 15th brightest star, Antares, the bright red supergiant in Scorpius and the 16th brightest star, Pollux in Gemini, the 17th brightest star, and Regulus in Leo, which is the 21st brightest star in the sky.
Because the 12 constellations correspond to the 12 signs of the zodiac, zodiac constellations are most usually mentioned in the context of western astrology.
The issue of tying astronomical constellations to astrology in order to give the latter a better scientific basis “The scientific foundation is straightforward: the constellations aren’t real. They are clusters of stars that appear to be close together and have been called after various objects, animals, or mythological beings by human observers at some point in history.
Constellations create a two-dimensional map of the sky that is utilized for orientation, making it easier for astronomers to discover and explain objects and navigators to use stars to calculate their position. The cosmos, on the other hand, isn’t flat and doesn’t rotate around our planet, which is why these star clusters are so random. While Carl Gustav Jung acknowledged that astrology had some validity as a personality theory and that it can be approached scientifically, it is not a science in and of itself.
Who is the originator of astrology?
Jones stated, “This is possibly older than any other known case.” “It’s also older than any of the written-down horoscopes from the Greco-Roman period,” he said, adding, “we have a number of horoscopes written down as a kind of document on papyrus or on a wall, but none of them as old as this.”
The discovery was presented in the most recent edition of the Journal for the History of Astronomy by Jones and StaoForenbaher, a researcher at the Institute for Anthropological Research in Zagreb.
Forenbaher told LiveScience that the crew was working near the entrance of a Croatian cave in 1999, a site well known to archaeologists and residents of the surrounding hamlet of Nakovana who simply named it “Spila,” which means “the cave.”
Nobody realized at the time, however, that the cave featured a part that had been locked for over 2,000 years. Forenbaher’s girlfriend (now his wife) dug under the rubble and discovered a broad, low passageway that ran for over 33 feet in the dark (10 meters). “The unique King Tut experience, arriving to a spot where nobody has been for a couple of thousand years,” Forenbaher said of passing down the corridor.
When Forenbaher entered the cavern, “there was a very thin limestone crust on the surface that was splitting under your boots,” indicating that “nobody had gone there in a very, very, long time,” he added.
The researchers eventually discovered that it had been blocked off in the first century B.C., presumably as a result of a Roman military effort against the locals.
The archaeologists discovered a phallic-shaped stalagmite, as well as countless drinking containers deposited over hundreds of years and something more. “These very small bits and pieces of ivory came out in the course of that dig,” Forenbaher explained, “and we didn’t even recognize what we had at the time.”
The group got to work. “It took years to piece them together, find more bits and pieces, and figure out what they were,” Forenbaher explained. They ended there staring at the ruins of the world’s oldest known astrologer’s board.
Archaeologists aren’t sure how the board got inside the cave or where it came from. The Babylonians developed their own version of horoscopes around 2,400 years ago, which is where astrology began in antiquity.
Then, around 2,100 years ago, astrology went to the eastern Mediterranean, where it became popular in Egypt, which was ruled by a dynasty of Greek monarchs at the time.
Jones explained, “It gets transformed very much into what we think of as the Greek style of astrology, which is really the present type of astrology.” “The Greek style of astrology is the foundation of astrology that spans the Middle Ages, modern Europe, modern India, and beyond.”
The ivory used to produce the zodiac images dates back to 2,200 years, just before the advent of this new kind of astrology, according to radiocarbon dating.
The location of the board’s manufacture is unknown, though Egypt is a possibility. They believe the ivory came from an elephant that was slain or died in the area around that period. Because ivory is such a valuable commodity, it would have been preserved for decades, if not a century, before being utilized to make the zodiac. These signs would have been adhered to a flat (probably wooden) surface to form the board, which could have featured other features that did not survive.
It could have been loaded onto a ship sailing through the Adriatic Sea, a vital trade route that the cave overlooks. Illyrians were the people who resided in Croatia at the time. Despite the fact that ancient writers had a negative view of them, archaeological evidence reveals that they interacted with surrounding Greek colonies and were a vital part of the Mediterranean civilization.
An astrologer from one of the Greek colonies may have visited the cave to make a prediction. A consultation in the cavern’s flickering light would have been a powerful experience, if not particularly convenient for the astrologer.
Jones commented, “It doesn’t sound like a very practical site for performing horoscope homework like calculating planetary placements.”
Another hypothesis is that the Illyrians acquired or stole the astrological board without fully comprehending its use. The board, along with the drinking containers, would have been presented as an offering to an unknown deity worshipped in the cave.
“This astrologer’s board could have shown up as an offering along with other exceptional items that were either bought or robbed from a passing ship,” Forenbaher speculated. He noted that the drinking cups discovered in the cave had been chosen with care. They were made in another country, and only a few cruder amphora storage vessels were discovered with them.
“It nearly appears that someone was bringing out wine there, pouring it, and then discarding the amphora away because they weren’t good enough for the gods, or to be deposited in the shrine,” Forenbaher said.
The phallic-shaped stalagmite, which may have formed naturally on the site, appears to have served as a focal point for these offerings and rituals held in the cavern. Forenbaher cautioned that all stalagmites appear phallic in some way, and it’s difficult to know what significance it had to the cave’s inhabitants. “It had to mean something significant,” he said.
“This is a spot where goods of local importance were deposited with some type of supernatural power, transcendental being, or whatever.”
What are the names of the seven primary constellations?
We chose seven of the most well-known constellations from both the Northern and Southern hemispheres for this infographic: Ursa Major, Cassiopeia, Orion, Canis Major, Centaurus, Crux, and Carina. You can simply locate any of these constellations in the sky using our short suggestions. Any amateur astronomer who wants to learn about notable constellations and asterisms will find our infographic useful. If you like this infographic, please share it with your friends! It can also be found on our Instagram account. The #infographics StarWalk hashtag is where you’ll find it (and our other infographics). For more information about stargazing, follow us on Instagram!
Which three constellations are the most important?
The sea snake Hydra, the lady Virgo, and the giant bear Ursa Major are all visible in the night sky right now. The tip of Hydra’s tail will not snake past the meridian, and eventually out of view, until 9:30 p.m. local time, though it will be visible until then. Hydra covers more than a fourth of the sky but has little to show for it other than its size.
By dark, the mythological creature’s head is a lovely small cluster of five stars hovering low above the western horizon. If the sky is clear and dark, you can trace the snake’s body’s scraggly stream from there. It follows the sickle of Leo southeastward, passing the goblet-like Crater, the Cup, and Corvus, the crow. Then it moves south of Spica, the blue star, and disappears almost as far as summer’s scarlet Antares.