Although the KiSS-1/KiSS-1R complex was initially described to play many functions in the tumor development process, including the start of puberty, sexual maturity, and conception through direct regulation of the hormone releasing the gonadotropin produced by the hypothalamus.
One of the leading causes of cancer patients’ deaths, metastasis is a multi-step process that includes the separation of cancer cells from the initial tumor, invasion of nearby tissue, transvasation of blood vessels, diffusion through circulation, and colonization of distant organs. In melanoma and more recently in other malignancies, including breast cancer, CRC, lung, thyroid, bladder, gastric, and other cancers, KiSS-1 has been identified as a gene suppressor of metastasis.
We highlighted additional functions of the KiSS-1/KiSS-1R complex in this mini-review in addition to its function as a metastasis suppressor gene. The role of this complex in drug resistance has been identified as one of its primary activities. One of the biggest challenges to effective cancer treatment continues to be the emergence of medication resistance. The KiSS-1/KiSS-1R complex may therefore offer a possible target for the treatment of drug-resistant malignancies, as there is still a need to find the molecules that may be targeted to overcome resistance in the treatment of tumors. Since the reconstitution of KiSS-1 in cisplatin-resistant head and neck cancer cells restores platinum sensitivity, it has been suggested that the KiSS-1/KiSS-1R system is involved in the sensitivity to conventional drugs. KiSS-1R has also been reported to be involved in the process of drug resistance in TNBC.
Additionally, it has been suggested that the KiSS-1/KiSS-1R complex plays a role in the early stages of breast cancer development. As a result, this complex may not only be involved in the advanced stages of the tumor but also serve as a useful target for both the initial and terminal stages of development of tumors.
The prospect of keeping the tumor in an asymptomatic condition was lastly suggested by a role performed by KiSS-1 in the dormancy of disseminated tumor cells and in the inhibition of multiple organ metastases. Through the use of KiSS-1, it may be possible to intervene on the block of metastatic development, as inducing tumor cell dormancy may stop the metastatic process. Because KiSS-1 is a natural substance that can be given to humans at high doses without causing toxicity, the possibility that it can be employed in clinical treatment is quite promising.
In This Article...
What does it mean to kiss cancer?
Oct. 1, 2003 Infectious mononucleosis, widely known as the “kissing illness,” and a malignancy frequently detected in young adults are linked, according to new research.
About one-third of cases of Hodgkin’s disease are thought to be caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), which also causes mononucleosis.
Researchers in Denmark compared more than 24,000 persons who were suspected of having mononucleosis but did not have evidence of EBV to 17,000 people who had mono caused by the Epstein-Barr virus using a comprehensive national medical database.
A positive antibody blood test that established EBV-caused mononucleosis increased the likelihood of developing Hodgkin’s disease. People who were suspected of having mono but had negative EBV tests had no higher risk of developing Hodgkin’s disease.
Hodgkin’s disease and EBV have long been thought to be related. According to studies, those with a history of mononucleosis are more likely to get cancer. Additionally, research indicates that the virus is present in roughly 50% of these malignancies.
According to the results of the current investigation, mono brought on by the EBV doubled the risk of developing Hodgkin’s disease. Hodgkin’s was not linked to mono-like disorders brought on by other viruses, like the CMV.
Additionally, lymphomas with EBV were directly associated with mono, not lymphomas without the virus.
The New England Journal of Medicine published a report on the findings on October 2.
Can a kiss give you cancer?
Cancer cannot be “caught from someone else.” Cancer cannot be transferred by close contact, including intimate acts like kissing, touching, dining together, or inhaling the same air. Cancer cells from one cancer patient cannot survive in the body of another cancer patient who is healthy. Foreign cells, particularly cancer cells from another individual, are located and eliminated by the immune system.
Is oral cancer spreadable?
No. You cannot catch oral cancer from another person because it is not communicable. Some of the greatest strategies to avoid oral cancer include a nutritious diet, good oral hygiene, which includes frequently brushing and flossing your teeth, and routine dental visits.
Exactly how is facial cancer detected?
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- Maintain open channels of communication. After receiving a cancer diagnosis, stay in constant, two-way communication with your loved ones, medical professionals, and others.
- Uphold a healthy way of living. Your energy level may increase as a result.
- Let your family and friends assist you.
- Review your priorities and ambitions.
Can throat cancer be cured?
When caught early, throat cancers may be treated. About half of patients can be treated if the cancer has not metastasized (spread) to nearby tissues or lymph nodes in the neck. The cancer cannot be cured if it has progressed to the lymph nodes and other body areas besides the head and neck. The goal of treatment is to extend and enhance quality of life.
Although not completely established, it is conceivable that malignancies that test positive for HPV may have improved prognoses. Additionally, smokers who quit within the past ten years might do better.
Therapy is required to assist with speech and swallowing following treatment. A feeding tube will be required if the patient is unable to swallow.
The first two to three years following diagnosis are when throat cancer recurrence risk is at its maximum.
Following diagnosis and treatment, it is crucial to regularly follow up in order to improve survival rates.
Can mouth cancer be cured?
Depending on which area of the mouth is afflicted and whether the disease has spread to nearby tissue, the prognosis for mouth cancer can vary. For mouth cancer that affects the lip, tongue, or oral cavity, the prognosis is better.
Early detection of oral cancer makes a complete recovery possible in up to 90% of cases with just surgery.
Even if the cancer is more advanced, there is still a considerable chance that it can be cured; nevertheless, surgery should be followed by radiotherapy or radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy.
The success rates of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy have significantly increased.
In general, six out of ten mouth cancer patients will survive for at least five years after their diagnosis, and many will do so without the disease reoccurring.
Is French kissing a cancer risk factor?
Smoking has long been identified by researchers as the main cause of many malignancies, including head and neck cancers. However, recent research indicates that kissing is more likely to raise your risk of mouth cancer than smoking.
Human papillomavirus (HPV), a common infection acquired through skin-to-skin contact, such as French kissing, increases the risk of cancer in non-smokers. Both male and female genitalia and mouths can harbor the infection for days. It can cause cervical cancer in women who have HPV if it is not addressed right away.
Approximately 8 out of 10 people will most certainly develop HPV in the future, according to Cancer Research UK. Thankfully, there’s no reason to get alarmed because only 15 of the 100 different varieties can lead to cancer. Due to ongoing infections, certain HPV typesknown as “high-risk”pose greater risks for the development of oral cancer.
Your body and the development of cancer are indirectly impacted by HPV. The virus division is accelerated since the infection starts in the deepest layers of the skin. Additionally, HPV can harm the DNA of your cells in other high-risk situations, leading to uncontrolled cell growth and the emergence of mouth cancer.
In addition to smoking and consuming alcohol, HPV continues to be a major cause of mouth cancer. According to the National Health Service, 25 percent of throat cancers and 35 percent of them are caused by HPV. Additionally, according to Cancer Research UK, HPV infection is a factor in 40% of occurrences of mouth cancer.
Kissing more than six persons, in Dr. Mahiban Thomas’ opinion, increases the risk of HPV. He is the director of maxillofacial and head and neck surgery at the Royal Dawrwin Hospital in Australia. While some may disagree with the assertion, it cannot be disputed that HPV is transmitted through kissing.
On whether kissing can enhance the chance of developing oral cancer, there is still a lack of conclusive evidence. Nevertheless, it’s crucial to safeguard yourself and your partner while also giving them a kiss.
Can blood cancer be cured?
Your blood cancer’s kind, age, rate of progression, and whether it has spread to other parts of your body will all affect how you are treated.
Numerous types of blood malignancies are now very curable since blood cancer treatments have significantly improved over the past few decades. The following are typical treatments:
- Chemotherapy: To kill and stop the growth of cancer cells, anticancer medications are injected into the body (or occasionally taken as pills).
- Radiation therapy: To cure cancer, high-energy rays are used to kill cancer cells.
- Using medications that specifically attack cancerous blood cells while sparing healthy ones, targeted treatments are one type of cancer treatment. Leukemia is most frequently treated with targeted treatments.
- Stem cell transplantation: After treatment to remove cancerous blood cells, your body may receive an injection of healthy stem cells to assist in resuming the creation of healthy blood.
- Cancer surgery: To treat some lymphomas, this procedure entails removing the afflicted lymph nodes.
- Immunotherapy: This therapy stimulates the body’s defenses to target and destroy cancer cells.
Chemotherapy: The body is given anticancer medications to destroy and stop the growth of cancer cells (often by taking a tablet or by injecting them into a vein).
Radiation therapy: To treat cancer, this method uses powerful rays to destroy cancer cells.
Treatment for cancer using medications that specifically attack cancerous blood cells while sparing healthy ones is known as targeted therapy. The most popular kind of treatment for leukemia is targeted therapy.
Stem cell transplantation: After receiving treatment to eliminate cancerous blood cells, healthy stem cells can be infused into your body to assist in resuming the generation of healthy blood.
Cancer surgery: This treatment for some lymphomas involves removing the afflicted lymph nodes.
Immunotherapy: This therapy stimulates the immune system to obliterate cancer cells in particular.
- Almost 80% of cancer patients survive the disease for a year or more after being diagnosed.
- 55 out of 100 patients (or about 55%) go on to have cancer-free years after being diagnosed.
- In 45 out of 100 cases (or 45%), the cancer patient lives for at least ten years after diagnosis.
- About 85% of people with cancer survive it for a year or longer after being diagnosed.
- 65 out of 100 people (about 65%) go on to have cancer-free years after being diagnosed.
- Nearly 60 out of 100 (almost 60%) people with cancer survive it for ten or more years after diagnosis.
- Around 80% of those with cancer survive it for a year or longer after being diagnosed.
- 60% of people with cancer survive it for at least 5 years after being diagnosed.
- 50 out of 100 people (or 50 percent) who are diagnosed with cancer go on to survive it for at least 10 years.
What does mouth cancer look like in its early stages?
Early mouth cancer symptoms could include:
- mouth sore that won’t go away (the most common symptom)
- Gums, tongue, tonsils, or mouth lining with a white or red spot
- a cheek lump or thickening
- bulk or a lump in the neck
Other indications of oral cavity (mouth) malignancies include:
- persistent mouth discomfort (also very common)
- having the sensation that your throat is choked
- difficulty swallowing or chewing
- mouth or tongue unable to move easily
- The tongue or other oral organs are numb.
- Dentures that don’t fit properly or are unpleasant due to jaw swelling
- discomfort in the jaw or teeth
- persistent halitosis
